Which developmental stage includes toddlers?

The developmental stage that includes toddlers is the stage of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. During this period, typically from ages 1 to 3 years, toddlers are learning to assert their independence and develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of autonomy.

In this stage, toddlers are encouraged to explore their environment and make choices, which is crucial for fostering a strong sense of self. Successful navigation through this stage allows children to become confident and secure in their ability to handle new situations. If toddlers are shamed or doubt their abilities, they may struggle with feelings of shame and inadequacy as they grow, which can impact their development in subsequent stages. This focus on autonomy is distinctive to this phase of development as toddlers begin to establish their identities separate from their caregivers.

The other stages mentioned are associated with different age groups and developmental tasks. Trust vs. Mistrust is primarily relevant to infants (birth to about 1 year), Initiative vs. Guilt relates to preschoolers (approximately 3 to 6 years), and Industry vs. Inferiority is characteristic of school-age children (ages 6 to 12). Each of these stages corresponds to different critical developments and challenges that are pivotal for that specific age group.