What is the first step the nurse should take when a child exhibits signs of anaphylaxis?

When a child exhibits signs of anaphylaxis, the first step a nurse should take is to administer epinephrine. Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction characterized by symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat, a rapid drop in blood pressure, and hives. The immediate use of epinephrine is critical because it acts quickly to counteract the severe symptoms of anaphylaxis.

Epinephrine works by constricting blood vessels, which helps to increase blood pressure, relaxing the muscles of the airways, which aids in breathing, and reducing swelling. Administering epinephrine promptly can be life-saving and significantly mitigates the risk of severe outcomes from the allergic reaction.

While calling for emergency help and potentially starting CPR may be necessary actions following the administration of epinephrine, they do not take precedence over immediate epinephrine delivery. This medication should always be the first line of treatment during an anaphylactic event to ensure the child's safety.